How Solar Panels Work 

The science behind the solar panel and how solar panels work seems to be beyond the comprehension of most people. Its not that the average person cannot understand how it works, it’s just that it seems too complicated.

Most of us took some kind of chemistry in high school. There, we learned that the atom was the basic unit with which every thing we see is composed of. The nucleus of this base unit is made of protons and neutrons. Spinning around the nucleus in various ‘orbits’ are tiny particles called electrons.

These tiny negatively charged particles are not bound to each nucleus and under certain conditions, they can be convinced to let go and travel around. That travelling is an electric current.

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In solar power energy, this movement is accomplished by using an element known as silicon. This element was used to create the computer and make it one of the most powerful tools in society today.
Pure silicon is, by itself, electrically neutral. It has neither a positive nor a negative charge. If large flat sheets of silicon are placed close to sheets of other elements that are not neutral the result is a configuration which can under the right circumstances release some electrons that can them be utilized as electricity.

Solar panels are made of layers of different elements with collecting wires running through them. These panels are becoming more affordable due to advances in the technology needed to produce them and they are becoming more lightweight as well as surplus materiel is removed.

The positioning of these two or more elements together, however, will not produce energy until something causes the electrons hanging around in them to become excited. In the home solar power system, this is accomplished by exposing these panels to sunlight.

The sun, as we all know, gives off energy. Some of that energy is in the form of heat. Some of the suns energy is in the form of light. This light contains something called photons. This photon is the hammer that knocks the surplus electrons of the atoms they are loosely attached to and allows them to travel.

The number of electrons that are moving within the panel and eventually along the wire and out into you residential solar power system is measured in amperes. There are a specific measurable number of electrons in each ampere of electricity.

These electrons are then funneled into a storage container known as a battery where their energy is combined with other elements to hold them until they are needed again to travel to your appliances and electronic devices and be converted into whatever energy you tools require.

In some instances, such as portable solar power, the battery is taken out of the path and the electrons travel directly to where they are needed. The solar cell in a calculator is a good example.

Newer developments have made reasonably sized panels available to pug in your small electronics, such a cell phones and GPS units, without having to carry around a heavy cumbersome panel.

Being able to understand the fundamentals of electron movement is the first step in mastering the knowledge of how solar panels work and the information required to build your diy solar panel.

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